Albertson's, Inc. v. Bruce Bennett d/b/a
Coupon Corporation
Claim Number: FA0207000117013
PARTIES
Complainant
is Albertson's, Inc., Boise, ID
(“Complainant”) represented by David J.
Steele, of Christie, Parker &
Hale LLP. Respondent is Bruce Bennett d/b/a Coupon Corporation,
Inc., San Antonio, TX (“Respondent”).
REGISTRAR AND DISPUTED DOMAIN NAMES
The
domain names at issue are <albertsonscoupons.com> and <albertsons-coupons.com>, registered with Network Solutions, Inc.
PANEL
The
undersigned certifies that he has acted independently and impartially and, to
the best of his knowledge, has no known conflict in serving as Panelist in this
proceeding.
The
Honorable Charles K. McCotter, Jr. (Ret.) as Panelist.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Complainant
submitted a Complaint to the National Arbitration Forum (the “Forum”)
electronically on July 19, 2002; the Forum received a hard copy of the
Complaint on July 26, 2002.
On
July 24, 2002, Network Solutions, Inc. confirmed by e-mail to the Forum that
the domain names <albertsonscoupons.com> and <albertsons-coupons.com> are registered with Network
Solutions, Inc. and that the Respondent is the current registrant of the
names. Network Solutions, Inc. has
verified that Respondent is bound by the Network Solutions, Inc. registration
agreement and has thereby agreed to resolve domain-name disputes brought by
third parties in accordance with ICANN’s Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution
Policy (the “Policy”).
On
July 26, 2002, a Notification of Complaint and Commencement of Administrative
Proceeding (the “Commencement Notification”), setting a deadline of August 15,
2002 by which Respondent could file a Response to the Complaint, was
transmitted to Respondent via e-mail, post and fax, to all entities and persons
listed on Respondent’s registration as technical, administrative and billing
contacts, and to postmaster@albertsonscoupons.com and postmaster@albertsons-coupons.com
by e-mail.
A
timely Response was received and determined to be complete on August 15, 2002.
On August 26, 2002, pursuant to Complainant’s request to
have the dispute decided by a single-member
Panel, the Forum appointed the
Honorable Charles K. McCotter, Jr. (Ret.) as Panelist.
RELIEF SOUGHT
Complainant
requests that the domain names be transferred from Respondent to Complainant.
A.
Complainant
The
<albertsonscoupons.com> and <albertsons-coupons.com> domain
names are confusingly similar to Complainant’s
trade name and famous trademark ALBERTSONS and identical to
Complainant’s common law mark ALBERTSONS COUPONS .
Respondent
has no rights or legitimate interests in the <albertsonscoupons.com> and <albertsons-coupons.com> domain names.
Respondent
registered and used the <albertsonscoupons.com>
and <albertsons-coupons.com> domain
names in bad faith.
B.
Respondent
Respondent asserts
that it did not register the domain names to make money off Complainant. Respondent maintains that it would not use
the domain names without permission from Complainant and that it desires to obtain
such permission so it can place Complainant’s coupons on the Internet. Respondent pleads that it would not break
the law in this or any manner.
FINDINGS
Complainant
has been using the ALBERTSONS trademark and service mark continuously for more
than sixty years. Albertson’s was founded in 1939. As a result of its extensive use, it has generated tremendous
goodwill and grown to 2,492 stores in 37 states.
Complainant’s trademark rights in the
mark ALBERTSONS began with the opening of the first Albertson’s grocery store in
Boise, Idaho in 1939. Complainant
created the first combination food-drug stores in 1969 by forming a partnership
with Skagg’s Companies, Inc. After a
series of mergers and acquisitions, Albertson’s is now the second largest
food-drug retailer in the United States.
Albertson’s also operates pharmacies in many of its retail stores and
presently has plans to operate pharmacies in a majority of its new Albertson’s
stores. Albertson’s also operates a
number of drug stores under the trade names Jewel-Osco, Sav-on, and Osco
Drug. Over 24 million prescriptions are
filled at Albertson’s pharmacies each year.
In addition to its numerous stores and
pharmacy departments under the Albertson’s trade name and ALBERTSONS marks,
Complainant is also the registrant of the domain name Albertsons.com, where it
operates its extensive online store offering groceries for pick-up at a local
store or home delivery. Many of
Complainant’s several million customers access the web site each day.
In addition to Complainant’s long
standing common law trademark rights in ALBERTSONS, Complainant owns numerous
United States trademark registrations that incorporate its famous ALBERTSONS
mark, including U.S. Reg. No. 885,630, for ALBERTSONS, which claims a first use
of 1939.
Each week, Complainant’s printed store
circular, which contain ALBERTSON’S COUPON discounts,
reaches tens-of-thousands of homes around the United States. These advertisements contain special savings
on assorted products as well as numerous ALBERTSON’S COUPON store discounts.
Consumers are also aware of Albertson’s own store coupons. Albertson’s stores redeem thousands of
ALBERTSON’S COUPON discounts, as well thousands of manufacture’s coupons each
day.
DISCUSSION
Paragraph 15(a) of the Rules for Uniform Domain Name
Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”) instructs this Panel to “decide a
complaint on the basis of the statements and documents submitted in accordance
with the Policy, these Rules and any rules and principles of law that it deems
applicable.”
Paragraph
4(a) of the Policy requires that the Complainant must prove each of the
following three elements to obtain an order that a domain name should be
cancelled or transferred:
(1) the domain name registered by the
Respondent is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark
in which the Complainant has rights;
(2) the Respondent has no rights or
legitimate interests in respect of the domain name; and
(3) the domain name has been registered and
is being used in bad faith.
Identical and/or Confusingly Similar
Respondent’s registered
domain names, <albertsonscoupons.com> and <albertsons-coupons.com>,
are confusingly similar to the registered ALBERTSONS trademarks and service
marks, and identical to the ALBERTSONS COUPON common law mark.
Respondent’s
<albertsonscoupons.com> and <albertsons-coupons.com>
domain names are confusingly similar to Complainant’s ALBERTSONS mark because
Respondent misappropriates sufficient textual components from the mark so that
an Internet user would be confused. In
addition, Respondent’s domain names are confusingly similar because the
addition of a generic word, “coupons,” to the ALBERTSONS mark has a substantial
relation to Complainant’s business. See
Space Imaging LLC v. Brownwell, AF-0298 (eResolution Sept. 22, 2000) (finding confusing
similarity where Respondent’s domain name combines Complainant’s mark with a
generic term that has an obvious relationship to Complainant’s business); see
also Marriott Int’l v. Café au
lait, FA 93670, (Nat. Arb. Forum Mar. 13, 2000) (finding that Respondent’s
domain name <marriott-hotel.com> is confusingly similar to Complainant’s
MARRIOTT mark); see also Broadcom Corp. v. Domain Depot, FA 96854 (Nat. Arb. Forum Apr. 23, 2001) (finding
confusing similarity were the domain name in dispute contains the identical
mark of the Complainant combined with the generic term “online.”).
The
<albertsonscoupons.com> and <albertsons-coupons.com>
domain names are identical to Complaianant’s common law ALBERTSON’S COUPON
mark. See Tuxedos By Rose v. Nunez,
FA 95248 (Nat. Arb. Forum Aug. 17, 2000) (finding common law rights in a mark
where its use was continuous and ongoing, and secondary meaning was
established); see also Fishtech v.
Rossiter, FA 92976 (Nat. Arb. Forum Mar. 10, 2000) (finding that Complainant
has common law rights in the mark FISHTECH which it has used since 1982).
Absence
of the apostrophe is irrelevant because they are not permitted in domain
names. In addition, the absence of a
space and the hyphen between the words of the mark are not changes that are
capable of overcoming a Policy ¶ 4(a)(i) identical analysis. See Hannover Ruckversicherungs-AG
v. Ryu, FA 102724 (Nat. Arb. Forum Jan. 7, 2002) (finding
<hannoverre.com> to be identical to HANNOVER RE, “as spaces are
impermissible in domain names and a generic top-level domain such as ‘.com’ or
‘.net’ is required in domain names”); see also Technology Prop., Inc. v. Burris, FA 94424 (Nat. Arb. Forum May 9,
2000) (finding that the domain name <radioshack.net> is identical to
Complainant’s mark, RADIO SHACK); see also Chernow Communications Inc. v. Kimball, D2000-0119 (WIPO May 18,
2000) (holding “that the use or absence of punctuation marks, such as hyphens,
does not alter the fact that a name is identical to a mark"); see also
Teleplace, Inc. v. De Oliveira, FA
95835 (Nat. Arb. Forum Dec. 4, 2000) (finding that the domain names
<teleplace.com>, <tele-place.com>, and <theteleplace.com> are
confusingly similar to Complainant’s TELEPLACE trademark).
Accordingly, the Panel finds that Policy ¶
4(a)(i) has been satisfied.
Rights or Legitimate Interests
Respondent
has no rights or legitimate interests in the <albertsonscoupons.com> domain
name because it is used to redirect Internet traffic to
<domainsystems.com/forsale>. At
this website the domain name is offered for sale. Therefore, Respondent registered the domain name for the primary
purpose of selling its registration rights; thus, Respondent has no rights or
legitimate interests pursuant to Policy ¶¶ 4(c)(i) and (iii). See Hewlett-Packard Co. v. High Performance Networks, Inc., FA 95083
(Nat. Arb. Forum July 31, 2000) (finding no rights or legitimate interests
where Respondent registered the domain name with the intention of selling it); see
also Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Stork,
D2000-0628 (WIPO Aug. 11, 2000) (finding Respondent’s conduct purporting to
sell the domain name suggests it has no legitimate use).
Respondent
has no rights or legitimate interests in the <albertsons-coupons.com>
domain name since Respondent has never actively used or demonstrated plans to
use the domain name. Respondent’s
passive holding of the domain name for over a year warrants a finding of no
rights or legitimate interests in <albertsons-coupons.com>
pursuant to Policy ¶¶ 4(c)(i) and (iii).
See Vestel Elektronik
Sanayi ve Ticaret AS v. Kahveci, D2000-1244 (WIPO Nov. 11, 2000) (finding
that “merely registering the domain name is not sufficient to establish rights
or legitimate interests for purposes of paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy”); see
also Ritz-Carlton Hotel v. Club Car
Executive, D2000-0611 (WIPO Sept. 18, 2000) (finding that prior to any
notice of the dispute, Respondent had not used the domain names in connection
with any type of bona fide offering of goods and services); see also Melbourne IT Ltd. v. Stafford,
D2000-1167 (WIPO Oct. 16, 2000) (finding no rights or legitimate interests in
the domain name where there is no proof that Respondent made preparations to
use the domain name or one like it in connection with a bona fide offering of
goods and services before notice of the domain name dispute, the domain name
did not resolve to a website, and Respondent is not commonly known by the
domain name).
Further,
Respondent has never been commonly known by the ALEBERTSONS mark, ALBERTSON’S
COUPON common law mark or either of the two domain names. Complainant notes that Respondent is known
by the names Bruce Benett and Coupon Corporation, Inc. Therefore, Respondent has no rights or
legitimate interests in the domain names pursuant to Policy ¶ 4(c)(ii). See Gallup Inc. v. Amish Country Store, FA 96209 (Nat. Arb. Forum Jan.
23, 2001) (finding that Respondent does not have rights in a domain name when
Respondent is not known by the mark); see also Broadcom Corp. v. Intellifone Corp., FA 96356 (Nat. Arb. Forum Feb.
5, 2001) (finding no rights or legitimate interests because Respondent is not
commonly known by the disputed domain name or using the domain name in
connection with a legitimate or fair use).
Accordingly,
the Panel finds that Policy ¶ 4(a)(ii) has been satisfied.
Registration and Use in Bad Faith
Respondent
registered and used the <albertsonscoupons.com> domain name in bad
faith for the purpose of selling the domain name registration rights. Respondent uses the domain name to direct
Internet traffic to a website that offers the domain name registration for
sale. Therefore, such a use evidences
bad faith registration and use pursuant to Policy ¶ 4(b)(i). See General Elec. Co. v. Forddirect.com, Inc., D2000-0394 (WIPO June
22, 2000) (finding that Respondent registered and used the domain name in bad
faith by using the domain name to direct users to a general site offering the
domain name for sale); see also Am. Anti-Vivisection Soc’y v. “Infa dot Net” Web
Serv., FA 95685 (Nat. Arb. Forum
Nov. 6, 2000) (finding that “general offers to sell the domain name, even if no
certain price is demanded, are evidence of bad faith”).
Respondent’s passive holding of the <albertsons-coupons.com>
domain name is also bad faith. A
domain name that is passively held for over a year is evidence of bad faith
under Policy ¶ 4(a)(iii). Also, since
the <albertsonscoupons.com> domain name registration is for sale,
it is reasonable to infer that Respondent intends to sell the rights to <albertsons-coupons.com>. See DCI S.A. v. Link Commercial
Corp., D2000-1232 (WIPO
Dec. 7, 2000) (concluding that Respondent’s passive holding of the domain name
satisfies the requirement of ¶ 4(a)(iii) of the Policy); see also Caravan Club v. Mrgsale, FA 95314 (Nat.
Arb. Forum Aug. 30, 2000) (finding that Respondent made no use of the domain
name or website that connects with the domain name, and that passive holding of
a domain name permits an inference of registration and use in bad faith); see
also Cruzeiro Licenciamentos Ltda v.
Sallen, D2000-0715 (WIPO Sept. 6, 2000) (finding that mere passive holding
of a domain name can qualify as bad faith if the domain name owner’s conduct
creates the impression that the name is for sale).
Respondent
registered the domain names in order to prevent Complainant from registering
its common law ALBERTSON’S COUPON mark in a corresponding domain name. Registering two domain names containing
Complainant’s mark is sufficient to establish a pattern of conduct of bad faith
required by Policy ¶ 4(b)(ii). Therefore,
a finding of bad faith pursuant to Policy ¶ 4(b)(ii) is warranted. See Harcourt, Inc. v. Fadness, FA 95247 (Nat. Arb. Forum Sept. 8, 2000)
(finding that one instance of registration of several infringing domain names
satisfies the burden imposed by the Policy ¶ 4(b)(ii)); see also YAHOO!
Inc. v. Syrynx, Inc., D2000-1675
(WIPO Jan. 30, 2001) (finding a bad faith pattern pursuant to Policy ¶ 4(b)(ii)
in Respondent's registration of two domain names incorporating Complainant's
YAHOO! mark).
Also, the ALBERTSONS
trademarks and service marks are so obviously connected with Albertson’s that
use by someone with no connection with Albertson’s suggests bad faith. See
Deutsche Bank AG v. Diego-Arturo
Bruckner, D2000-0277 (WIPO May 30, 2000)(“the domain name is so obviously
connected with the Complainant and its services that its very use by someone
with no connection with the Complainant suggests opportunistic bad
faith.”). Likewise, just as the
employment of a well-known business name in the food retailing field for no
particular good reason undermines any claim to a legitimate interest, it also
supports an inference of a bad-faith attempt to use the name to harass or
exploit its legitimate owner. See Household
International, Inc. v. Cyntom Enterprises, FA95784 (Nat. Arb. Forum
November 11, 2000) (inferring that Respondent registered well known business
name with hopes of attracting Complainant’s customers).
The Panel finds
that Policy ¶ 4(a)(iii) has been satisfied.
DECISION
Having established all three elements
required under the ICANN Policy, the Panel concludes that the requested relief
shall be hereby GRANTED.
Accordingly, it is Ordered that the
domain names <albertsonscoupons.com> and <albertsons-coupons.com>
be TRANSFERRED from Respondent to Complainant.
The Honorable Charles K. McCotter, Jr.
(Ret.), Panelist
Dated: September 5, 2002
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