DECISION
Wells Fargo & Company v. Mahmoud
Nadim
Claim Number: FA0210000127720
PARTIES
Complainant
is Wells Fargo & Company,
Minneapolis, MN, USA (“Complainant”) represented by Eunice P. de Carvalho, of
Faegre & Benson LLP. Respondent
is Mahmoud Nadim, Dhaka, INDIA
(“Respondent”).
REGISTRAR AND DISPUTED DOMAIN NAME
The
domain name at issue is <wellfargo.com>,
registered with eNom, Inc.
PANEL
The
undersigned certifies that he has acted independently and impartially and to
the best of his knowledge has no known conflict in serving as Panelist in this
proceeding.
Hon.
Ralph Yachnin as Panelist.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Complainant
submitted a Complaint to the National Arbitration Forum (the “Forum”)
electronically on October 10, 2002; the Forum received a hard copy of the
Complaint on October 10, 2002.
On
October 11, 2002, eNom, Inc. confirmed by e-mail to the Forum that the domain
name <wellfargo.com> is
registered with eNom, Inc. and that Respondent is the current registrant of the
name. eNom, Inc. has verified that
Respondent is bound by the eNom, Inc. registration agreement and has thereby
agreed to resolve domain-name disputes brought by third parties in accordance
with ICANN’s Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy”).
On
October 17, 2002, a Notification of Complaint and Commencement of
Administrative Proceeding (the “Commencement Notification”), setting a deadline
of November 6, 2002 by which Respondent could file a Response to the Complaint,
was transmitted to Respondent via e-mail, post and fax, to all entities and
persons listed on Respondent’s registration as technical, administrative and
billing contacts, and to postmaster@wellfargo.com by e-mail.
Having
received no Response from Respondent, using the same contact details and methods
as were used for the Commencement Notification, the Forum transmitted to the
parties a Notification of Respondent Default.
On
November 25, 2002, pursuant to Complainant’s request to have the dispute
decided by a single-member Panel, the Forum appointed the Honorable Ralph
Yachnin as Panelist.
Having
reviewed the communications records, the Administrative Panel (the “Panel”)
finds that the Forum has discharged its responsibility under Paragraph 2(a) of
the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”) “to
employ reasonably available means calculated to achieve actual notice to
Respondent.” Therefore, the Panel may
issue its decision based on the documents submitted and in accordance with the
ICANN Policy, ICANN Rules, the Forum’s Supplemental Rules and any rules and
principles of law that the Panel deems applicable, without the benefit of any
Response from Respondent.
RELIEF SOUGHT
Complainant
requests that the domain name be transferred from Respondent to Complainant.
PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS
A. Complainant
makes the following assertions:
1. Respondent’s
<wellfargo.com> domain name is
confusingly similar to Complainant’s registered WELLS FARGO mark.
2. Respondent
does not have any rights or legitimate interests in the <wellfargo.com> domain name.
3. Respondent
registered and used the <wellfargo.com>
domain name in bad faith.
B. Respondent
did not submit a Response in this proceeding.
FINDINGS
Complainant, Wells Fargo & Company,
has been engaged in providing banking, financial and related services to the
public under the WELLS FARGO mark since 1852. Complainant holds numerous
trademarks registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) for
the WELLS FARGO mark, including, inter
alia: 779,187; 838,059; 891,203; 1,131,103;
and, 1,136,497. Complainant also holds international registrations protecting
the WELLS FARGO mark, including, without limitation: Australia, Mexico, Chile,
China, The Netherlands, Peru, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Austria,
Venezuela, Canada, Haiti, South Africa, Italy and India, Respondent’s place of
domicile.
Since 1994, Complainant has conducted
various financial operations from the <wellsfargo.com> domain name. The
website informs the public and potential customers of Complainant’s diverse
financial services offered under the WELLS FARGO mark.
As a result of Complainant’s continuous
and extensive use of its established WELLS FARGO mark, the mark is known
worldwide as being synonymous with Complainant’s banking and financial services.
Respondent, Mahmoud Nadim, registered the
<wellfargo.com> domain name on
October 19, 2001. Complainant’s investigation of Respondent’s domain name
reveals that the subject domain name resolves to <magazines.com>, a
commercial website that offers various publications. Respondent’s
<magazines.com> domain name connects with a website that requires
Internet users to enter personal information about themselves including name,
street address, e-mail address and credit card information. Complainant’s submission
also indicates Respondent’s website prominently features competing financial
publications such as the Money, Forbes and Fortune magazines.
DISCUSSION
Paragraph
15(a) of the Rules instructs this Panel to “decide a complaint on the basis of
the statements and documents submitted in accordance with the Policy, these
Rules and any rules and principles of law that it deems applicable.”
In
view of Respondent's failure to submit a Response, the Panel shall decide this
administrative proceeding on the basis of the Complainant's undisputed
representations pursuant to paragraphs 5(e), 14(a) and 15(a) of the Rules and
draw such inferences it considers appropriate pursuant to paragraph 14(b) of
the Rules.
Paragraph
4(a) of the Policy requires that the Complainant must prove each of the
following three elements to obtain an order that a domain name should be
cancelled or transferred:
(1) the
domain name registered by Respondent is identical or confusingly similar to a
trademark or service mark in which Complainant has rights; and
(2)
Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name;
and
(3)
the domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
Identical
and/or Confusingly Similar
Complainant has established rights in the
WELLS FARGO mark by registering the mark with the USPTO and numerous other
internationally recognized trademark authorities, as well as subsequent
continuous use of the mark in commerce.
Respondent’s <wellfargo.com> domain name is confusingly similar to
Complainant’s WELLS FARGO mark. The variation between Complainant’s mark and
Respondent’s domain name is minor. Respondent has merely excluded the letter
“s” from the WELLS portion of Complainant’s mark. Respondent’s variation fails
to create a distinct mark, and presumably seeks to take advantage of a common
typographical error, namely, mistyping Complainant’s mark when entering it into
the domain name. See Universal City
Studios, Inc. v. HarperStephens, D2000-0716 (WIPO Sept. 5, 2000) (finding
that deleting the letter “s” from Complainant’s UNIVERSAL STUDIOS STORE mark
did not change the overall impression of the mark and thus made the disputed
domain name confusingly similar to it); see
also Dow Jones & Co., Inc. v. Powerclick, Inc., D2000-1259 (WIPO Dec.
1, 2000) (holding that the deliberate introduction of errors or changes, such
as the addition of a fourth “w” or the omission of periods or other such
generic typos do not change Respondent’s infringement on a core trademark held
by Complainant).
Accordingly, the Panel finds that Policy
¶ 4(a)(i) has been satisfied.
Rights
or Legitimate Interests
Respondent failed to submit a Response in
this proceeding, thereby leaving Complainant’s supported assertions unrefuted
and unopposed. Therefore, the Panel is permitted to accept all reasonable
inferences made by Complainant as true, provided the conclusions are not
clearly contradicted by the evidence. See
Vertical Solutions Mgmt., Inc. v. webnet-marketing, inc., FA 95095 (Nat.
Arb. Forum July 31, 2000) (failure to respond allows all reasonable inferences
of fact in the allegations of Complainant to be deemed true); see also Desotec N.V. v. Jacobi Carbons AB,
D2000-1398 (WIPO Dec. 21, 2000) (finding that failing to respond allows a
presumption that Complainant’s allegations are true unless clearly contradicted
by the evidence).
Respondent’s <wellfargo.com> domain name resolves to a commercial website
located at <magazines.com>. Respondent is engaging in a practice referred
to as typosquatting, whereby registrants register slight variations of famous
marks in order to benefit from Internet user confusion. Diverting Complainant’s
interested customers and potential clients to a website offering magazine
subscriptions is not a bona fide offering of goods or services under Policy ¶
4(c)(i), nor does it represent a noncommercial or fair use under Policy ¶
4(c)(iii). See Big Dog Holdings, Inc. v.
Day, FA 93554 (Nat. Arb. Forum Mar. 9, 2000) (finding no legitimate use
when Respondent was diverting consumers to its own website by using
Complainant’s trademarks); see also State
Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. LaFaive, FA 95407 (Nat. Arb. Forum Sept. 27,
2000) (finding that “unauthorized providing of information and services under a
mark owned by a third party cannot be said to be the bona fide offering of
goods or services”).
No evidence before the Panel suggests
that Respondent is commonly known by the <wellfargo.com>
domain name, or that Respondent can establish rights or legitimate
interests in the domain name under Policy ¶ 4(c)(ii). Complainant has been
using the WELLS FARGO mark in conjunction with its financial services since
1852, therefore it is unlikely that Respondent is commonly known by a
confusingly similar variation of Complainant’s established mark. Further, Respondent
is not authorized or licensed to provide services under Complainant’s WELLS
FARGO mark, or any confusingly similar variation thereof. See Charles Jourdan Holding AG v. AAIM, D2000-0403 (WIPO June 27,
2000) (finding no rights or legitimate interests where (1) Respondent is not a
licensee of Complainant; (2) Complainant’s prior rights in the domain name
precede Respondent’s registration; (3) Respondent is not commonly known by the
domain name in question).
Accordingly, the Panel finds that Policy
¶ 4(a)(ii) has been satisfied.
Registration
and Use in Bad Faith
Respondent’s <wellfargo.com> domain name resolves to a commercial website.
It is evident that Respondent is attempting to benefit from the goodwill and
recognition associated with Complainant’s mark by connecting a confusingly
similar variation of Complainant’s mark to a commercial website. Previous
Panels have determined that because the subject domain name has a commercial
purpose and Respondent has failed to respond and contest Complainant’s assertions,
it is proper to presume that Respondent benefits from the use of the subject
domain name. Respondent’s opportunistic use of a confusingly similar variation
of Complainant’s mark in a domain name, for commercial gain, constitutes bad
faith registration and use pursuant to Policy ¶ 4(b)(iv). See Kmart v. Kahn, FA 127708 (Nat. Arb. Forum Nov. 22, 2002)
(presuming Respondent profits from its diversionary use of Complainant’s mark
when Respondent’s domain name resolves to commercial websites and Respondent
fails to contest the Complaint, therefore, concluding bad faith pursuant to
Policy ¶ 4(b)(iv)); see also G.D. Searle
& Co. v. Celebrex Drugstore, FA 123933 (Nat. Arb. Forum Nov. 21, 2002)
(finding that Respondent registered and used the domain name in bad faith
pursuant to Policy ¶ 4(b)(iv) because Respondent was using the confusingly
similar domain name to attract Internet users to its commercial website).
Additionally, Respondent’s typosquatting
behavior has been determined to fulfill the bad faith requirements of Policy ¶
4(a)(iii). The practice of deriving commercial benefits from the goodwill and
recognition of others’ famous marks has been recognized as a bad faith use of a
domain name under the UDRP. See e.g.
Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Zuccarini, FA 94454 (Nat. Arb. Forum May 30, 2000)
(awarding <hewlitpackard.com> a misspelling of HEWLETT-PACKARD to
Complainant); see also Bama Rags, Inc. v. Zuccarini, FA 94380
(Nat. Arb. Forum May 8, 2000) (awarding <davemathewsband.com> and
<davemattewsband.com>, common misspellings of DAVE MATTHEWS BAND to
Complainant).
The Panel finds that Policy ¶ 4(a)(iii)
has been satisfied.
DECISION
Having established all three elements
required under the ICANN Policy, the Panel concludes that the requested relief
shall be hereby GRANTED.
Accordingly, it is Ordered that the
domain name <wellfargo.com> be TRANSFERRED from Respondent to
Complainant.
Hon. Ralph Yachnin, Panelist
Justice, Supreme Court, NY (Ret.)
Dated: November 29, 2002
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